Patient Profile
- Sex / Age:
- Female, 31 years
- Specimen:
- Liquid-based cervical cytology (ThinPrep)
- HPV co-test (provided):
- High-risk HPV positive (HPV 16 negative; HPV 18 negative; other HR-HPV positive)
- Reason for screening:
- Routine; previous Pap normal 3 years ago
- History:
- G1P1 (one prior vaginal delivery), no prior cervical procedures, no immunosuppression, HPV vaccination uncertain (likely partial)
Summary Overview
Cervical cytology demonstrates morphologic features consistent with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). HPV co-test is positive for non-16/18 high-risk HPV. Combined finding indicates HPV-related cervical changes that require colposcopy per current ASCCP risk-based guidelines.
Bethesda 2014 Cytologic Categories (Reference)
- NILM:
- Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy
- ASC-US:
- Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
- LSIL:
- Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (encompasses CIN 1 / HPV effect)
- HSIL:
- High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN 2/3)
- ASC-H / AGC:
- Atypical squamous cells (cannot rule out HSIL) / Atypical glandular cells
- Reference:
- Nayar R, Wilbur DC. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, 3rd ed. Springer 2015.
Cytologic Findings
Risk-Based Management (ASCCP 2019)
-
LSIL with positive non-16/18 HR-HPVColposcopy Recommended
Immediate CIN 3+ risk in this scenario falls in a range supporting colposcopy. Reference: ASCCP 2019 risk-based management guidelines [Perkins RB, J Low Genit Tract Dis 2020].
-
CIN 1 (likely on biopsy)Likely
LSIL on cytology corresponds histologically to CIN 1 in most cases. CIN 1 frequently regresses spontaneously, particularly in women under 30, and is generally observed rather than treated [Castle PE, Lancet Oncol 2009].
-
CIN 2/3 (occult on cytology)Low–Moderate
Approximately 10–15% of women with LSIL cytology are found to have CIN 2/3 on biopsy — the reason colposcopy is recommended.
Analytical Summary & Recommendations
Cytologic impression
LSIL on liquid-based cytology with positive non-16/18 high-risk HPV. Findings require colposcopy with directed biopsy per current risk-based guidelines.
Recommended next steps
- Colposcopy with directed biopsy, ideally within 4–8 weeks [Perkins RB, ASCCP 2019]
- Endocervical sampling if the squamocolumnar junction is not fully visualized at colposcopy
- If colposcopy is negative or shows CIN 1: surveillance with HPV/cytology in 12 months for women aged ≤ 25; for older women per ASCCP risk tables
- If CIN 2/3 confirmed: discussion of excisional treatment (LEEP)
- Discuss HPV vaccination if not already complete (still benefits adults up to age 45 in shared decision) [CDC ACIP]
- Smoking cessation if applicable — smoking is an independent risk factor for HPV persistence and progression
Key Questions for Your Physician
- How does the colposcopy work, and how soon can it be scheduled?
- If a biopsy shows CIN 1, what is the next plan — surveillance or treatment?
- If CIN 2/3 is found, what does treatment involve?
- Should I complete the HPV vaccine series?
- How does this affect my regular screening interval going forward?
What This Means for You
Your Pap test shows low-grade changes (LSIL) — these are mild changes in the cells of your cervix, almost always caused by an HPV infection. Your HPV test confirms that a high-risk HPV strain is present (not the most aggressive types, HPV 16 or 18, but another high-risk type).
This is not cervical cancer. Most low-grade changes (LSIL/CIN 1) resolve on their own, especially in women under 30, when the body clears the HPV. The reason for the recommended next step — a colposcopy — is to take a closer look at the cervix and make sure there are no more advanced changes that the Pap missed.
A colposcopy is an outpatient procedure that takes about 15–20 minutes — your physician uses a special microscope to examine the cervix and may take small biopsies of any abnormal areas. Most patients describe it as similar to a Pap test, with mild cramping. Results usually take 1–2 weeks.
If you have not completed the HPV vaccine series, it is worth discussing — the vaccine can still benefit adults and is approved up to age 45 in shared decision-making. Avoiding smoking also significantly reduces the chance of HPV persistence.
High confidence in the LSIL categorization on standard cytologic morphology. Histopathologic correlation by colposcopy and biopsy provides definitive grading.
References
- Nayar R, Wilbur DC, eds. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology: Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes. 3rd ed. Springer 2015.
- Perkins RB, Guido RS, Castle PE, et al. 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2020;24(2):102–131.
- Castle PE, Schiffman M, Wheeler CM, Solomon D. Evidence for frequent regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 2. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113(1):18–25.
- Saslow D, Solomon D, Lawson HW, et al. American Cancer Society, ASCCP, and ASCP screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62(3):147–72.
- CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Human Papillomavirus Vaccination — Recommendations of the ACIP. MMWR 2019;68(32):698–702.